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The case for US 1-5 year investment grade credit

The drawn-out US rate-cut path suggests rewards for locating at the front end of the bond
curve, while a resilient economy supports moving into investment grade credit.

Temps de lecture: 5 min
Senior Fixed Income ETF Strategist

A steep price for duration?

It has been a long and winding road to rate cuts for US fixed income investors as a strong US economy and stubborn inflation have forced the Federal Reserve (Fed) to deliver just 100 basis points (bps) of cuts from their peak. Signs that the rate cut cycle is about to start usually sees investors lengthen the duration of their bond holdings. The higher price sensitivity of longer duration bonds to downward rate moves results in higher returns if market yields decline. In a falling yield environment, duration and convexity should be your friend.

But this approach has been less effective in this cycle.

The Fed’s 100bps cuts were all in H2 2024, with nothing since. Concerns that high levels of Treasury issuance would be needed to fund the substantial budget deficit being run by the US administration steepened the curve.  Extending duration has been quite a dangerous trade—the Bloomberg US Long Treasury Index lost money in as many months as it made money since the Fed Funds Rate peaked in July 2023.1

Short-end stability

For many investors the solution has been to focus on the front end of the curve. Its lower price volatility and reduced sensitivity to supply issues, coupled with the relatively attractive yield, have delivered consistent returns. For instance, in contrast to the long index referenced above, the Bloomberg US Treasury 1-3 Year Index has posted negative returns in just five months since the Fed Funds rate’s final rise in July 2023.2  There are two costs to this strategy. First, the 2-10Y Treasury curve has been positively sloped since the rate cut cycle started, which means sticking to short-dated strategies gives up yield, relatively speaking. Second, there is limited performance upside if yields start to decline. In only one of the 22 months since the funds rate peaked would investors have received a monthly return of more than 1%.3

We are still in an easing cycle, so it does make sense for fixed income portfolios to have some duration. And there is currently relatively little priced for Fed easing. Overall, the market prices around 65bps cuts by year end. This reflects the uncertainties around the impact of trade tariffs on growth and inflation but also means that there is scope for yields to fall if the Fed recommences policy easing.

Why investment grade credit now

There is also a case for taking on some credit risk. Investment grade (IG) credit means a higher yield for the same amount of duration risk. This may offer better carry if rates remain stable. A growth pick-up would drive spread compression versus the government bonds and additional carry, which would reduce the negative impact on returns from the rise in market yields

The relative ‘survivability’ of these strategies can be demonstrated by dividing the yield-to-worst by the duration. This gives us a rough idea of the amount that yields would have to rise before the price losses on the index wipe out the yield gained from holding the strategy for a year. For the Bloomberg US Treasury 1-5Y Index, the move is 149bps against 172bps for the Bloomberg USD Corporate Bonds 1-5 Year Index.

 

The last factor in favour of IG credit is issuance. The need for the US government to issue significant quantities of Treasurys to cover their deficit is well known. Some lacklustre auctions at the longer end of this curve may see the weight of issuance skewed to the shorter end. These supply pressures are not seen in the IG corporate market, with relatively high outright yields making corporates reluctant to issue new bonds. 

Gauging spreads

Caution around current spread levels may make some investors reluctant to take this additional credit risk. Spreads blew out because of the uncertainty generated by the trade tariffs announcement but they have since narrowed. A few factors support tight spreads:

  • Growth data remains firm, which should continue to underpin earnings. Ratings actions support this: S&P Ratings has an upgrades/downgrades ratio of 2.75for North America and Moody’s has 1.28 year to date. A figure above one implies more upgrades than downgrades, a bellwether
    of improving credit quality and, therefore, economic optimism.
  • The increased amounts of government issuance should keep spreads tighter.
  • Higher all-in yields also make tighter spreads more bearable to investors. For instance, 2004-2006 saw conditions similar to today, and spreads averaged 91bps then. Yields were, on average, above 5% for the Bloomberg US Corporate Index.

The relative tightness of spreads favours a focus on the front end of the curve. The retightening of spreads after the April blow out has left the 1-5 Year index’s 0.07deviations below its one-year average, compared with the Bloomberg US Corporate Index’s 0.29 deviations.

Regressing option-adjusted spreads of the 1-5 Year index against the all-curve index over the last 12-months confirms front-end spreads are relatively wider
than the overall curve spread would suggest (Figure 2). 

Figure 2: Option-adjusted spreads wider at the short end

US 1-5y Launch

There remains a convincing case for limiting duration risk in US markets. Yields across the curve should move lower but it looks likely to continue to be a slow process. And if fiscal and inflationary concerns drive steeper curves, this may inhibit the performance of longer-dated bonds. Investment-grade corporate paper can be a way to enhance returns. Spreads are relatively tight, but there is some justification for this. And front-end spreads look less compressed than those further out.

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